In general, chemical engineers are not dealing with single components instead they deal with equilibrium of mixtures. Multiple-Component Phase Equilibrium: Phase Diagrams Water at a temperature of 20☌(a typical room temperature) will only boil at pressures under 0.023 atm, which is its vapor pressure at that temperature. Water at 100☌ has a vapor pressure of 1 atmosphere, which explains why water on Earth (which has an atmosphere of about 1 atm) boils at 100☌. Vapor pressure is strongly temperature-dependent. If the atmospheric pressure is higher than the vapor pressure, the liquid will not boil. Students may benefit from conceptualizing vapor pressure as the minimum pressure required to keep the fluid in the liquid phase. Below this temperature, all of the water condenses, and above it, all of the water vaporizes into steam.Īt a given temperature, the unique atmospheric pressure at which a pure liquid boils is called its vapor pressure.
For example, water at standard pressure (1 atm) can only remain in equilibrium at 100☌. If there is only a single component in a mixture, there is only a single possible temperature (at a given pressure) for which phase equilibrium is possible. The third criteria will be explored in more depth in another course it is a consequence of the first two criteria and the second law of thermodynamics.
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